Electrifying inks with 2D materials.
نویسندگان
چکیده
is compatible with conventional device manufacturing processes8; doping processes that can assure stable, high electrical conductivity over long periods9; a method to improve the environmental stability of graphene electrodes against moisture and chemicals in the air10; and a method to decrease the contact resistance between electrodes and active materials11. One issue, in particular, with CVDgrown graphene is that it must be transferred to a perfectly flat surface. Most electronic devices, however, have an interconnected, multilayered structure. Although this is not a problem for ITO, as it can be sputtered onto irregularly shaped surfaces, the device architecture needs to be customized for two dimensions when using graphene electrodes. This limits the immediate replacement of ITO by graphene. Because of this, we anticipate that applications to flat and simple structures such as touch screens, smart windows, electromagnetic interference shields, lighting and transparent heaters12 will be the first to be realized, whereas applications to flexible displays and microelectronic devices will follow some years later. We expect that the market for flexible electronics will become larger than that for non-flexible electronics in about 10 years. Although there are many candidates for ITO replacement — including metal meshes and silver nanowires whose sheet resistances are as low as ~10 Ω sq–1 at ~90% transmittance2 — none of them are as flexible as graphene. For example, the conducting properties of graphene can remain stable up to ~11% extension1, and its initial sheet resistance persists for ~300,000 cycles at 3% bending strain7, whereas a silver nanowire breaks easily at strains of less than 1%13. Resolving the above-mentioned challenges will bring closer the advent of flexible electronics, in which graphene technology will be as stretchable as our imagination. ❐
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Nature nanotechnology
دوره 9 10 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2014